HOW DOES INTERNET TRAVEL FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER?

 Transmission mediums play in important part in the field of communication. One can look the TCP/IP model and Top five reasons to choose OSI to understand IT system  in this regard. They are present in the layer one. Now as soon as a sender sends a message to some one. Then It converts from analogue to digital form. Then they travel on a medium to go to the other side which is a receiver. Mediums have two important parts which include guided and unguided mediums.

According to Behrouz A. Forouzan Guided Mediums include twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optics. Twisted pair include Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable and Shielded Twisted Pair Cable. Coaxial Cables have various standards which include Radio Government 59, 58 and 11. Radio government 59 is there for cable TV. radio government 58 include thin Ethernet whereas radio government 11 includes thick Ethernet. Fiber Optic is the most important medium in this regard. They have two major modes which include single mode and multi mode. In single mode fiber, the beam range is very small it means that beam does not fluctuate in fiber. In multi mode fiber step index and graded index is there. In step index fiber the density of core remains the same. In graded index fiber the density varies very quickly. Unguided mediums include radio waves, microwaves and infrared waves. Radio wave range lies in between 3Khz to 1Ghz. Moreover, they can be used for Omni directional purposes. It means that the antennas radiate them in all the directions. They can be widely used in service provider network. Microwaves: operate in between 1 Ghz to 300 Ghz. They are unidirectional. it means that antennas radiate them in one direction,. As communication occurs in service provider networks so they can also be used in those networks too. Infrared waves operate in between 300Ghz to 400Ghz. It is very important to tell that they are there for short range purposes.

In  nutshell, It can be said that there are two main types of transmission mediums. They are guided and unguided mediums. They guide mediums are faster than the unguided mediums. The reason is very simple that they do not have any kind of interruption in there way. Whereas unguided mediums are slow because of their wave material. Industry is using these materials according to their choices. However the Optical Fiber has become the fastest medium among them.